Annotated Bibliography

Chavis, A. (2013). A brief intervention affects parents’ attitudes toward using less physical punishment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(12), 1192–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.06.003

The authors of this article looked at a study that measured how parents feel towards spanking as a disciplinary method. The study measured this through a scale by the name of AttitudesTowards Spanking (ATS). This scale will show the actual use of parents physical punishment since it is correlated. The researchers found that parents who are taught how to discipline a child will be less likely to physically punish their child than those who are not taught. Moreover, the authors of the article state that it is possible to teach parents to not use physical punishment. Because of these findings, the authors believe that primary care services are important and should be implemented if one is a parent.

Grusec, J. E., Danyliuk, T., Kil, H., & O’Neill, D. (2017). Perspectives on parent discipline and child outcomes. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(4), 465-471.

The authors of this paper focused on the different ways of disciplining a child. They also gave information of different discipline methods throughout the years and how they have changed. They highlight how in the past physical discipline was more acceptable and how now it is seen as unethical. This article also emphasizes the effects different discipline methods have. They mention how the best disciplinary method is the use of negative consequences, such as reasoning as well as some use of power assertion, that can decrease unacceptable behavior. This paper also explains how each child is different and learns differently, so different disciplinary methods can work.

Kuppens, S., Ceulemans, E., & Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management. (2018). Parenting Styles: A Closer Look at a Well-Known Concept. Journal of Child an Family Studies.

Researchers have conducted many different studies in the past about parenting. This paper compares the studies in the past and digs deeper into parenting styles and how parenting styles can be simultaneously used together. This article also highlights how these joint parenting styles affect a child’s development. The study looked at a sample of 600 families raising children of the ages 8-10. These studies showed that joint parenting styles happen naturally because there are two parents. Additionally, the paper focuses on four congruent parenting styles: an authoritative, positive authoritative, authoritarian and uninvolved parenting style. This research also showed which of these parenting styles worked together and which ones did not. The paper highlights that the positive authoritative parents had the most favorable outcome, while having authoritarian parents gave the least favorable outcome.

Larzelere, R. (2000). Child discipline. BMJ, 320(7248), 1538–1540. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7248.1538/a

The authors of this medical journal shed some light on physical discipline. They mention how harsh physical discipline can be harmful to the child physically but also mentally. In addition, they also mention that a child can learn that, that a way of solving problems would be to use physical aggression. However, the authors mention that an occasional smack is not harmful, they mention that no evidence has shown otherwise. The authors also give a few techniques on behavior control. They highlight that the best way to control a child’s behavior is through an authoritative parenting style combined with that of positive encouragement.